- Either energetic electrons or soft x-rays may
be used to split a Hydrino molecular ion into a hydrino and a proton.
This requires from 11 eV to several hundred thousand eV, depending on
level of shrinkage. For a shrinkage level of 24 it is 3100 eV
(utilising Dr. Mills' formulae).
- The Hydrino may then bind either to another
proton or to a free electron.
- In the latter case Hydrinohydride is formed.
- The Hydrinohydride can then bind to a proton
forming a neutral hydrino molecule (designated Hy2).
- The Hydrino molecule can, if small enough,
undergo nuclear reactions with neutron rich “even-even” nuclei whereby
the nucleus gives up two neutrons which combine with the two protons
from the Hydrino molecule to form an alpha particle.
- Example reactions are:-
18O + Hy2 -> 16O + 4He
+ 16 MeV
40Ar + Hy2 -> 38Ar + 4He
+ 12 MeV
38Ar + Hy2 -> 36Ar + 4He
+ 8 MeV
26Mg + Hy2 -> 24Mg + 4He
+ 10 MeV
48Ti + Hy2 -> 46Ti + 4He
+ 8 MeV
208Pb + Hy2 -> 206Pb + 4He
+ 14 MeV
- The 40Ar and 48Ti
reactions are particularly interesting primarily because both these
isotopes comprise the major part of the naturally occurring isotopes,
implying that no isotope separation need be undertaken prior to using
them as a fuel. 48Ti comprises 74% of natural
Titanium, and 40Ar comprises 99.6% of natural Argon.
- Argon in particular is extremely interesting.
It is freely available in the atmosphere, comprises only about 1%
thereof, and performs otherwise no useful function, so it wouldn’t
really be missed, particularly as the final product (36Ar)
could be returned to the atmosphere resulting in no noticeable effect
other than the eventual dilution of the 40Ar. There is
enough present to supply humanity’s power needs for over a billion
years at the current rate of energy consumption. It is also a “double
pass” fuel. The 38Ar created from the first reaction can
serve as fuel for the second reaction so that, in all, the original
Argon atom ends up contributing 4 neutrons.
- The 18O reaction is also of great
interest, and may be even more important. For even though 18O
forms only 0.2% of natural Oxygen, it is still very abundant, as Oxygen
itself is the primary constituent of most rocks, and indeed is the most
common element of which the Earth itself is comprised. Furthermore, as
the charge on the Oxygen nucleus is considerably less than that on the
Argon nucleus, the fusion reaction is likely to occur much more
readily. The disadvantage is that using 18O as a fuel
source would require a preliminary isotope separation step.
- All these reactions are clean reactions,
producing stable isotopes as end products.
- The Hydrino molecule can achieve fusion where
an individual Hydrino may have difficulty, because the Hydrino may bind
with either a proton or an electron becoming a charged particle. As
such, it may experience difficulty either penetrating the electron
shells of an atom, or approaching the nucleus. As a stable neutral
entity, unaffected by either protons or electrons, the Hydrino molecule
has none of these problems.
- Steps 1 through 4 are all very fast, requiring
microseconds or less. This is especially so if the original Hydrino
molecular ions can be obtained from the Sun in the form of Faux D
extracted from rain water. Alternative paths to the creation of the
Hydrino molecule may take far longer (hours to millennia).
- Steps 1 through 4 might be initiated by an
automobile ignition spark, particularly if both voltage and current are
maximized. This, or a similar process, may have given rise to the many
anecdotal reports of water used as a fuel.