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Dr. Ronald A. de Fossard
Specialist in cloning of plants by micropropagation since 1961
Selected Product:
"Commercial Micropropagation" CD
2000 edition
What is on this CD?
- 2000 edition of "Commercial Micropropagation" book (PDF)
- Interactive Spreadsheets (Excel)
Recommended Computer System Requirements:
- Windows 2000/XP operating system OR Mac OS X
- Microsoft Office &/or Excel 2000 (or higher)
- 1024 x 768 display resolution
- Adobe Acrobat Reader v7 or higher
- Javascript enabled web browser
Publication: Table of Contents
Commercial Micropropagation (2000)
viii + 298 + EXCEL files
Chapter 1 Introduction
- Cost Analysis - a Series of Partial Processes, Assumptions and Simplications
- The Preparation Area
- The Inoculation and Incubation Areas
- The Amount of Cultures sold Relative to the Amount of Cultures Prepared
- How does Cost of Production Calculations aid Decision-Making in a Commercial Micropropagation Laboratory?
Chapter 2 Plant Anatomy, Morphology and Embryology
- Major Groups in the Plant Kingdom
- Cell Division
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
- Ploidy and Genes
- Sporophytes and Gametophytes and the Alternation of Generations
- The Vegetative Morphology of Angiosperms
- Variations in Simple Morphology
- Vegetative Reproduction
- The Flower
- Fruits and Seeds
- The Inflorescence
- Function of the Flower: Sexual Reproduction
- Anatomy of the Vegetative Organs of Flowering Plants
- Cell Division, Cell Growth, Cell Differentiation
- Simple Tissues
- Complex Tissues
- Anatomy of Shoots
- Organization of Shoot Apex
- Stem Anatomy
- Anatomy of Roots
- Organization of Root Apex
- Root Anatomy
- Leaf Anatomy
- Anatomy of Secondarily-Thickened Stems and Roots
- Embryology
- The Anther and Formation of Male Gametophytes, Pollen Grains
- The Ovule and Formation of Female Gametophytes, Embryo Sacs
- Fertilization
- Embryogeny
- Variations in Embryology and Embryogeny
- Totipotency
- Morphogenesis and Epigenesis
Chapter 3 Microbial Contamination
- Techniques to Control Gross Contamination of Cultures of Initial Explants
- Barriers to Microbial Contamination, and Treatment of Contaminated Cultures
Chapter 4 Culture Media
- Mole
- Molarity
- Ions
- Plant Tissue Culture Media
- Preparation of Concentrated Chemical Stock Solution
- Examples of Published Culture Media
- White's (1943) Medium
- Nitsch's (1951) Medium
- Hildebrandt's Sunflower Medium (1962)
- Hildebrandt's Tobacco Medium (1962)
- Murashige & Skoog Medium (1962)
- Blaydes' (1966) Medium
- B5-Medium (1968)
- Nitsch & Nitsch's (1969) Medium
- Schenk & Hilderbrandt's (1972) Medium
- Woody Plant Medium (1980)
- DKW Medium (1984)
- Knop's Minerals
- Knudson's Medium C
- Heller's Medium
- Vacin and Went's Medium
- Morel and Muller's Medium
- Wimber's Medium
- A Few other Points about Stock Solution Preparation
- What Effects are Achieved by each Ingredient in the Culture Medium?
- pH and Undefined Substances in Culture Media
- pH of Culture Media
- Chemically-Undefined Substances
- Sterilization of Culture Media
- Gelling Agents
Chapter 5 The Broad Spectrum Approach to Media
- Standardised coding of Broad Spectrum Media
- The Tobacco Broad Sprecturm Experiment (1974)
- The Eucalyptus Broad Spectrum Experiment (1970s)
- The Broad Spectrum Experiment in the 1980s
- Suggested Initial Experiments
- Examining Broad Spectrum Experiments
- Commercial Micropropagation
Chapter 6 Incubation of Cultures
- Support Systems for Culture Vessels
- Types of Culture Vessels
- Vitrification (now called Hyperhydricity)
- Hygiene in Incubation Areas
- Liquid Culture Media Systems
Chapter 7 Preparation Area and Concentrated Chemical Stock Solutions
- Water Purification
- Purchase Cost of Chemicals
- Cost of Preparing Concentrated Chemical Stock Solutions
Chapter 8 Preparation Area and Sterilized Culture Media
- 8.1 Overheads
- 8.2 Fuel
- 8.3 Culture Vessels
- 8.4 Labour
- 8.5 Concentration Factors of Chemical Stock Solutions Relative to the Cost of Production of Culture Media
- 8.6 Calculating the Cost of Production of Steam-Sterilized Culture Media as Affected by Varying some Factors
- 8.7 Summary and Some Extrapolations and Other Ideas
- 8.7.1 Overheads
- 8.7.2 Powdered Culture Media
- 8.7.3 Overheads Again
- 8.7.3.1 More Bottles Prepared per Week
Chapter 9 Initiation, Multiplication and Incubation Areas
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Part One
- 9.2.1 Cost of Sterilized Culture Media Purchased from the Preparation Area
- 9.2.2 Cost of Labour and Incidentals per Day per Inoculator in the Inoculation Area
- 9.2.3 Number of Bottles Inoculated per Person per Day
- 9.2.4 Incubation Area Costs
- 9.2.5 Cost of Different Periods of Incubation
- 9.2.6 Cost of Research and Development (R & D)
- 9.2.7 Multiplication Rate (MR) and Cost of "Mother" Cultures
- 9.3 Part Two
- 9.3.1 Cost of "Mother" Cultures
- 9.3.2 Cost of Sterilized Culture Media purchased from the Preparation Area
- 9.3.3 Cost of Labour and Incidentals per Day per Inoculator in the Inoculation Area
- 9.3.4 Number of Bottles Inoculated per Person per Day
- 9.3.5 Incubation Area Costs
- 9.4 Effects of Some Variables on Part One and Two Calculations of Production Costs
- 9.4.1 Cost of Sterilized Culture Media
- 9.4.2 Cost of Inoculation
- 9.4.3 Effect of Increasing the Number of "Units" per Bottle
- 9.4.4 Effect of Multiplication Rate (MR)
- 9.4.5 Research & Development (R & D) Effects
- 9.4.6 Addition of Cost of Cultures "Lost" in Stages-II and -III
- 9.4.7 Addition of Cost of Cultures Produced by Not Sold
- 9.5 Concluding Comments
Chapter 10 Deflasking and Acclimatization
- 10.1 The Cost of Containers and Potting Mix to Grow the Micropropagated Plants
- 10.2 The Cost of Nurturing and Growing the Plants
- 10.3 The Cost of Cultures
- 10.4 The Cost of "Deflasking" Cultures (Transplanting Costs)
- 10.5 Summary of Costs
- 10.6 Effects of Some Variables on Planting Out
- 10.7 Discussion
Chapter 11 Developing the Cost-Effective Commercial Laboratory
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Using the Hypothetical Laboratory
- 11.3 Review of Pertinent Literature
- 11.4 Research and Development
- 11.4a Market Research and Laboratory Size
- 11.4b Technical Research
- A Nursery Person's View of Micropropagation
- Motives for Using Micropropagated Plants
- Standard Stock Items
- New Introductions
- Handling and Growing on of Young Plants
- Implications for the Future of Micropropagation
- Conclusion
Appendix A: Preparation of Concentrated Chemical Stock Solutions
- Introduction
- Broad Spectrum Concentated Chemical Stock Solutions
- Preparation of Stock Solutions
- Mineral Stock Solutions
- Auxin Stock Solutions
- Cytokinin Stock Solutions
- Growth Factor Stock Solutions
Appendix B: Preparation of Culture Media
- Culture Media described in this Appendix
- Organization and Format of the Spreadsheet File used by the Author for the Preparation of Culture Media
- Medium-1: M Z Z [Z sucrose60m]
- Medium-4: H IAA10µM kinetin 1µM [G.F., sucrose90mM]
- Medium-7: [M HFe] NAA0.2µM BAP0.2µM [Z sucrose60mM]
- Medium-8: H IAA1µM BAP2.5µM [G.F., sucrose90mM]
- Medium-9: M Z zeatin3µM [riboflavin1µM sucrose60mM]
- Medium-10: H IAA1µM BAP8µM [G.F., sucrose90mM]
- Medium-11: H IAA1µM BAP25µM [G.F., sucrose90mM]
- Medium-14: M Z Z [G.F., sucrose120mM]
- Medium-43: H Z Z [GF sucrose90mM]
Appendix C: Analysis of Published Culture Media
- Table C1 Compounds Frequently used in different culture media
- (a) Macronutrient Elements
- (b) Micronutrient Elements
- (c) Micronutrient Elements
- (d) Main Carbon Source
- (e) Growth Regulators: Auxins
- (f) Growth Regulators: Cytokinins
- (g) Growth Regulators: Gibberellins
- (h) Growth Factors
- (i) Amino Acids
- Table C2 Template for Translating Different Culture Media
Appendix D Records, Experimental Designs and Statistical Analyses of Data
- Experimental Design and Statistical Analyses of Data
- Analysis of Variance and the Studentized Range Method
- Equal Increment Dose Response Experiments
- Transformation of Units of Molarity for Computation in Multiple Regression Analysis
- The X2 Test
- Number of Replicates in Plant Tissue Culture Work
- Calculation of the Number of Replicates
- Replication in Equal Increment Dose Response Type Experiments
- Calculation of Mean (x), Standard Deviation (s), Standard Error (s.e.) and Coefficient of Variation (c).
- Transformation of Data
Appendix E Experimentation
- Introduction
- Definition of Objectives of Experiments
- Models of Experiments
- A Mini Broad Spectrum Experiment
- Planning the Experiment
- Omission Experiments
- Dose Response Experiments
Appendix F Production Projections and Programming
- Introduction
- Examples of Production Projections and Programming
- Streaming and the Need for Formula Variations in Projections
Appendix G Inventory and Records
- Sorted to Get Species in Order of Due Date for Subculture
- Updating Inventory
- Sorted on Position in the Incubation Area Records
- Records
Appendix H An Iodometric Method for Measuring Available Chlorine
- Content of Hypochlorite Solutions
Bibliography
- About the Author
- Major Publications
- Publications in Journals and Books
Index

