Case Summary for:

Submission No. 004: Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus. Paraburdoo, WA. 22nd December 1974. Observer: Joseph A Smith


Verdict: Accepted

This summary involves the reopening of a case circulated after the formation of the committee by the RAOU in July 1975. The authority to reopen a completed case is provided in item 3.13 of the rules, which states: "At the discretion of the committee, a case may be reopened through the presentation of new and substantial evidence or for other legitimate reason". At the annual meeting of 27 June 1998, it was unanimously agreed to reopen this case. It is emphasized that a decision to reopen a case should not be regarded in any way as reflecting adversely on the decision of the past committee, on the integrity of its members, or on the integrity or skill of the observer. By reopening a particular case, the committee is seeking to ensure that a safe decision is available to ornithological researchers and to the birding public generally. Primary concerns in this particular case include the fact that this was one of the first cases considered after the formation of the RAOU Records Appraisal Committee and processes and rules were in development. Operations of the committee have been refined during the past 25 years and furthermore it was suggested that more information is available to assist in the recognition of this and similar species, especially given the implications of age, sex, moult and feather wear in the identification process.

The complete file history was provided to members and the outcome of acceptance could only be changed if 5 or more votes were received against acceptance. Members were to consider whether the description as it stands is sufficient to confirm the claimed identity, whether any new criteria might reasonably suggest other alternatives or whether any other matters may have a bearing on the claimed identification. This review was not simply treated as a new case, since the views of the original committee must be given appropriate weight. Historical records established that three rounds of voting were required to reach the original accepted verdict so this has always been a contentious case.

This case revolves around a rudimentary sketch and a brief note describing a bird feeding on the waters edge at a sewage pond in Paraburdoo, WA on the 22nd December 1974. To repeat the description directly as published (Storr 1975) "Legs long (about 9-10 inches) and toes (front) seemed quite long. The black band across its chest 2 inches wide at base and narrowing as it reaches the eye. With the brown-coloured stripe on each side of its head down to the shoulder and the white central strip and bib and belly it is quite an attractive bird. Height of the bird seen next to a Black-tailed Native Hen about 3 inches shorter. When I saw it fly the depth of the wings were rather great and th flight similar to that of a Lapwing or other plovers. Bill about one inch long. I have no record of tail length, so I assume it was short. The bird was gone the next day".

Members took great care to determine if the description and sketch was sufficient to confirm identification. There are clear deficiencies with the submission the most notable of which include the omission of any comment regarding the extent of white in the wings (a striking feature when seen in flight) and the lack of emphasis on leg length. On face value most members commented that the sketch was an excellent likeness for the species claimed. The black line continuous through the eye down the side of the neck and broadening across the breast combined with the red brown stripe above the eye is diagnostic.

Satisfactory elements:

· Pattern of black on the head, neck and breast
· Red brown or orange backing to black eye-line and neck stripe
· Size and shape
· Ashy grey leg colour
· Leg length in the sketch
· Mention of wing-tips crossing each other and extending beyond tail tip is consistent for a Jacana and rules out species such as Banded Lapwing.

Areas of concern or misinterpretation:

· Toes were described as "quite long" (instead of very long)
· Sketch indicates upperparts and flanks as light grey (should be brownish or sandy)
· No mention of the striking amount of white in the wing even though the bird was seen in flight
· The colour of the neck parts above the black stripe on the neck are questionable

In summary members agreed that many aspects of this case were unsatisfactory and using today's standards, data would be insufficient for acceptance as an Australian first. However, general consensus (5 votes in favour, 3 against) was that there was little evidence to unequivocally indicate misidentification. The committee therefore resolved to maintain the status quo and ACCEPT this record as a first for Australia.


References and Bibliography:

· Hayman, P., et.al. 1986. Shorebirds: An Identification Guide to the Waders of the World. Croome Helm, London.
· Marchant, S. & P.J. Higgins (Eds). 1993. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Vol 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford Univ. Press, Melbourne.
· Kanouchi, T., et.al 1998. Wild Birds of Japan. Yama-Kei Publishers Co., Ltd, Tokyo.
· Storr G.M & Johnstone R.E. 1975. An observation of the Pheasant-tailed Jacana in Western Australia. WA Naturalist 13: 60-61.


Tony Palliser
Chairman Birds Australia Rarities Committee (BARC)