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Windows XP + Ubuntu Hardy Heron LTS
Edited Saturday, May 9 2009
This web-page is part of a larger site giving examples of how to install Windows+Ubuntu Linux operating systems 'dual boot' in a computer. Illustrated Dual Boot HomePage This webpage is for the Ubuntu 'Hardy Heron 8.04 LTS', 'alternate CD' installer. The released install CD is called ubuntu-8.04-alternate-i386.iso, and the md5sum is 166991d61e7c79a452b604f0d25d07f9
This install guide is for installing Ubuntu 'Hardy Heron', dual boot with Windows XP with the NTFS filesystem. It should be okay for Vista too, but I have only read about Vista, I have not tested Vista myself. The Windows operating system should be installed first, and then Ubuntu.
This is not an official Ubuntu website These three are | Ubuntu | Ubuntu Forums | Official Ubuntu Wiki
Here is a link to the Official Ubuntu Installation Guide,
it explains all about the Debian installer. You should read that first and look at the illustrations in this website after that. BRIEFING This install resizes the Windows NTFS partition to a smaller size to make room for the Linux partitions. Then it creates the Linux EXT3 operating system (root) partition (primary), and one FAT32 logical data partition. Finally, it makes the swap area (logical). The 'Hardy' alternate CD's partitioner can resize your NTFS partition quite safely. With the Alternate CD's partitioner, defragging beforehand might help. It might not be needed, but it wouldn't do any harm to run CHKDSK /R on your Windows NTFS file system before-hand too, if that's not too inconvenient for you. Ubuntu 'Gutsy Gibbon' or 'Hardy Heron' can write to your NTFS file system okay too. The purpose of the separate FAT32 logical shared data partition in this install is only to give you a chance to scan any files you downloaded from the internet for viruses before transferring them into your Windows partition. This example shows how to create the FAT32 partition combined with the Ubuntu install in one streamlined operation. The computer used for this demonstration is a standard 'run-of-the-mill' desktop PC. The processor is an LEC brand, model PM266A, with an ASUS P4V533-MX main board, Intel Celeron 2.60 GHz CPU, and 487.3 MB of RAM. The length of time this install might take will depend mainly on the speed of my computer. A standard computer, for example one with a 3.0 Ghz CPU, might be able to do this in about 30 or 40 minutes. I had an older computer I used for practicing with. It had a 400Mhz CPU, and it used to take an hour and fifteen minutes on that one. Most people will be installing Ubuntu on new computers anyway, so they won't be missing out on the full benefits of Ubuntu's amazing capabilities. The install is very quick on modern computers. Even so, you should not begin an install when you have a time limit in case you have any problems. For example, don't start an install at 07:00 when you know you'll be needing your computer for work at 08:00. It is safer to install on Friday after work or Saturday if that is your day off. Then if anything goes wrong you'll have more time to fix it and be in a calm mental state. Being in a calm mental state is very important when doing this type of task, even though, as you will see, it is quite easy. To begin, you need to place your CD in your CD-ROM drive and re-start your computer. You should see something like the illustration below in your monitor. |
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| fig 2 ntfs
Install Ubuntu
The text mode install is the popular choice for most good professional or home users. It's a good idea to scroll down one line and check your CD for defects first though. I will run through the rest of the options below, but this option is the one that this web-page is mainly about. Check the CD-ROM for defects, that is a good idea! It only takes five minutes or so and might save you hours of frustration if you have a bad burn. You already ran an md5sum test on your .iso download too, of course. I recommend checking the CD for defects. I do that. If you want to see what happened when I didn't, look in this link, Hardy Heron Beta / Gutsy Gibbon Graphical Installation C Rescue a broken system, (Rescue mode) this option loads a kernel and goes through similar process as the first part of the text mode install. When it gets up to about fig7 stage, it asks for a device to use a a root file system. You would choose your Linux (Ubuntu) partition, you need to know which partition that is beforehand. (It's easier if you don't have a lot of partitions to choose from, or keep a notebook, or just know it). Rescue options are as show in this illustration below,
There are also lots of things you can do if you boot to a shell (rescue console). You will need to know Linux commands or be following some kind of instructions carefully. Repair instructions in the forums and the wiki sometimes advise us to execute a shell in rescue mode. To exit the shell, type the following command, code:
See an illustration of the Ubuntu Installer Main Menu...............GO Test Memory, you can test your computer's RAM to make sure it's okay. (Memtest86+) (Press'Esc' to exit the Memory test after you try it out). Note: you should enter your computer's CMOS (BIOS) first, and disable the CPU internal and external caches (L1 and L2) before running memory tests. Don't forget to re-enable those again when you are finished. Boot from first hard disk, This re-boots the computer. Here is a link to the Official Ubuntu Installation Guide's, 'How the Installer Works', it explains all about the Debian installer. You should read that first and look at the illustrations in this website after that. Here is a link to the Official Ubuntu Installation Guide's, 'Components Introduction' too. I recommend reading the official documentation as well as looking at the pictures below here. As I mentioned first, I pressed 'Enter', for the 'text mode install', and here's the first decision, (below), it's an easy one. |
| fig 3 ntfs We are now proceeding with Setting up Ubuntu Installer and Hardware Configuration (a link to the official Ubuntu documentation). Choose your language. Your arrow keys can move the red rectangle up or down the list to select a language. Then press 'Enter'. The <Go Back> option is shown in the lower left corner of almost every panel. It does the same as explained above (read <Go Back> again). Your 'Tab' key is the one to use throughout this installation for moving the red highlighting from 'Yes' to 'No' or 'Go Back'. This can be a very handy thing to know about. For one thing, it is useful if you need to go back one or two steps and repeat something you didn't get right. There are also things you can do from the 'Ubuntu Installer Main Menu' later on, after the install. For example, if you need to re-install Grub or Lilo boot loaders to your MBR or to a partition, you might want to access these options from the Ubuntu Installer's Main Menu. You don't necessarily have to be doing an install to run the Ubuntu Install CD. You can also use the Ubuntu Install CD's partitioner to do partitioning work if you need to. Nowadays a GParted -- LiveCD is better for that though. The 'Ubuntu Installer Main Menu' also offers an escape route in case something has gone wrong and you need to abort the installation and re-boot to fix something. Or it may be that you have suddenly realized you have made a mistake and wish to cancel everything and try again. If you do find yourself wanting to do this, just be aware that the line for 'abort the installation' and it is right down below the bottom of your monitor's screen, and out of view. (Don't tell anybody). People may not realize they need to scroll down to find it. Highlight that and press 'Enter', and be ready to remove your CD from it's drawer or it will boot from the CD again before you know it. |
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[!!] Choose language
Based on your language, you are probably located in one of these countries or regions. Choose a country, territory or area:
Australia ^
Botswana I
Canada Hong Kong India Ireland New Zealand Phillipines Singapore South Africa United Kingdom v |
| fig 4 ntfs
Choose your
country.
(Use your up or down arrow keys for scrolling, then press 'Enter') |
[!] Ubuntu installer main menu
You can try to have your keyboard layout detected by pressing a series of keys. If you do not want to do this, you will be able to select your keyboard layout from a list. Detect keyboard layout? |
| fig 5 ntfs If you have a special keyboard, you can choose <Yes> for a series of keyboard tests to help Ubuntu set up your special keyboard correctly. You will be asked to press certain keys. I chose <No> for this, to skip the keyboard tests and move on to choose my keyboard from a list.
This will be faster.
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[!!] Ubuntu installer main menu
The origin of the keyboard: Norway
Pakistan Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey USA |
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Fig 6 ntfs
Choose your keyboard.
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[!!] Ubuntu installer main menu
There are more than one keyboard layouts with the origin you selected. Please select the layout matching your keyboard. Keyboard Layout: USA - Alternative international (former us_intl) USA - Classic Dvorak USA - Colemak USA - Dvorak international USA - Dvorak USA - Group toggle on multiply/divide key USA - International (AltGr dead keys) USA - International (with dead keys) USA - Left handed Dvorak USA - Macintosh USA - Right handed Dvorak USA - Russian phonetic USA - With Eurosign on 5 USA |
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Detecting hardware to find CD-ROM drives
21% Loading module 'floppy' for 'Linux Floppy'... |
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Scanning CD-ROM
19% Scanning /cdrom/pool/main/l... |
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Loading additional components
45% Retrieving Partman |
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Detecting network hardware
21% Detecting hardware please wait... |
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[!!] Configure the network
Your system has multiple network interfaces. Choose the one to use as the primary network interface during the installation. If possible, the first connected network interface found has been selected. Primary network interface: eth0: Silicon Integrated Systems [SIS] SiS900 PCI Fast Ethernet eth1: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [Airforce One 54g] 802.11g Wir
<Go
Back>
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| fig 12 ntfs
Not everyone will see this, it only appears if your machine has more than one network interface.
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Configuring the network with DHCP
21%
This may take some time... <Cancel> |
| fig 13 ntfs
If you forgot to plug your ethernet in and network autodetection fails, highlight
<Go Back> in the next screen, plug your network in and try again. |
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[!] Configure the network
Please enter a hostname for this system. The hostname is a single word that identifies your system to the network. If you don't know what your hostname should be, consult your network administrator. If you are setting up your own home network, you can make something up here. Hostname: turtle__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <Go Back> <Continue> |
| fig 14 ntfs Give your new operating system a host name. The way to do this is to move the cursor to the left with your 'backspace' key, and type in whatever you like here. Press 'Enter' when ready.
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Setting up the clock
19% Getting the time from a network time server ... |
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[!] Configure the clock
Select a city in your time zone: Lord Howe Island
Melbourne Sydney Broken Hill Brisbane Lindeman Adelaide Darwin Perth |
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Detecting disks and other hardware
21% Starting PC card services... |
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Starting up the partitioner
21% Please wait ... |
| We are now about to begin the Partitioning and Mount Point Selection phase of the installation. Please refer to the above link to the official Ubuntu documentation for a more detailed explanation of what can be done here. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
This installer can guide you through partitioning a disk (using different standard schemes) or, if you prefer, you can do it manually. With guided partitioning you will still have a chance later to review and customize the results. If you choose guided partitioning for an entire disk, you will next be asked which disk should be used. Partitioning method: Guided - resize SCSI1 (0,0,0), partition #1 (hda1) and use freed s Guided - use entire disk Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM Guided - use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM Manual
<Go
Back>
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| fig 19 ntfs
This one is an important decision.
(1) The first choice (Guided - Resize
IDE1 master ...) is the easiest and fastest.
You won't need any website to tell you how to do that, there are no decisions to make, everything will be done for you automatically. That will give you a nice integral / (root) partition and swap area installation, and that's all most people need.
(2) The second choice would erase the entire disk including your
Windows operating system and all your data! That's for people who want
Ubuntu by itself and they want to completely erase whatever other
operating system was there before. That's a good idea if you're replacing a virus-ridden, infested Windows that doesn't boot and is completely useless, Ubuntu will fix your computer!
(3) The third choice will erase the entire disk and use LVM, is one I haven't tested yet, but here's a link to a website that explains what LVM is. (You'll need to scroll down a ways to get to the table of contents, from there it gets more interesting).
This is more for experts.
(4) The fourth option will erase the
entire disk and use encrypted LVM, here is a link to an excellent web
page in Softpedia that will guide you through this option, Encrypted Ubuntu 8.04 - Step-by-step installation tutorial with screenshots! Here are a couple of additional links about encrypted file systems, Running fsck on a LUKS encrypted partition in LVM, and Rescue an encrypted LUKS LVM volume. (5) 'Manually edit partition table' is the one I
choose to use now. With this option I will be able to shrink the Windows partition without hurting Windows, leaving some 'free space' for creating new partitions on.
'Manually edit partition table' gives me a look at the partition table
and allows me to choose between all kinds of options. I can have a lot
of control over what happens. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table. Guided partitioning Help on partitioning SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 40.1 GB ATA SAMSUNG SP0411N #1 primary 40.1 GB K ntfs /media/sda1 Undo changes to partititions Finish partitioning and write changes to disk |
| fig 20 ntfs
In this illustration I am being shown a list of my hard disks and thier partition tables.
The computer I am installing in now has only one hard disk at the moment. The hard disk has Windows XP with the NTFS file system occupying the entire disk. I am being asked to choose where I want to install Ubuntu. If I had some free space already, or another hard disk, I might install Ubuntu in it. Since I don't have any free space anywhere on my disk right now and I don't have another hard disk I will have to make some room by resizing or deleting a partition. I will choose to resize my Windows XP partition in my first hard disk and make that smaller. That will leave me some of the disk free to create a new partition in. I'll install Ubuntu there, so as you can see I have selected my #1 Primary partition in my first hard disk to do something with. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #1 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). This partition is formatted with the ntfs file system. Partition settings: Use as: ntfs Mount point: /media/sda1 Bootable flag: on Resize the partition (currently 40.1 GB)
Copy data from another partition
Erase data on this partition Delete the partition Done setting up the partition |
| fig 21 ntfs
In
this illustration I am being shown details about my #1 Primary
partition in my first hard disk and being asked what I want to do to it.
NOTE: the boot flag is set 'on' for the Windows partition. I selected the option to resize the partition. |
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[!!] Partition disks
Before you can select a new partition size, any previous changes have to be written to disk.You cannot undo this operation. Please note that the resize operation may take a long time. Write the previous changes to disk and continue?
<Go
Back>
<Yes> <No>
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| fig 22 ntfs
This
is called a 'confirmation screen', it's just to check that I'm
aware this will change my partition table and confirm that I definitely
want to go ahead with it.
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[!!] Partition disks
The minimum size you can use is 3.3 GB or 8% and the maximum size is 40.1 GB.Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size. New partition size: 15.1 GB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
<Go
Back>
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| fig 23 ntfs REMINDER: It is best to use the number keys on the row of your keyboard above your letter keys. If you have the habit of using the number keypad, remember to apply your numlock first! The sign is telling me the minimum and maximum size I can use for the new size for my existing (Windows) partition. It is asking me what new size do I want to use for my Windows partition now? I have an 40.1 GB hard disk and I want only 15.1 GB for Windows, this will leave 25.0 GB of 'FREE SPACE' to divide up into more partitions. For this install I am planning 15.1 GB for Windows XP Home Edition 19.0 GB for / Ubuntu Hardy Heron 5.0 GB FAT32 shared data partition + 1.0 GB Swap Area (memory swap) 40.1 GB total You need to do your mathematics now and do some forward planning. These figures I listed above are okay for me, but I recommend everyone think things over for themselves and come up with their own unique set-up to suit their own intended purposes. A standard suggestion for most people if you aren't sure would be to try Ubuntu out on around 10.0 GB, depending on how much spare disk space you have. When you need to take more room from Windows at a later date and give more room to Ubuntu you can easily resize your partitions with a GParted livecd. I have installed Ubuntu on as little as 3.0 GB including the swap area and I think a bare minimum of around 2.0 GB would be close to the smallest possible. 5.0 GB would be more comfortable if you want a minimal sized installation that will work okay for a while. You won't be able to download or store very many large files in an installation like that though, of course. If you're interested in fitting Ubuntu in the smallest amount of disk space, see HOW TO make a USB Disc with Ubuntu LiveCD and Super Grub Disc in it. |
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Please wait ...
19% Resizing the partition ... |
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[!!] Partition Disks
This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table. Guided partitioning Help on partitioning SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 40.1 GB ATA SAMSUNG SP0411N #1 primary 15.1 GB K ntfs /media/sda1 pri/log 25.0 GB FREE SPACE Undo changes to partititions Finish partitioning and write changes to disk |
| fig 25 ntfs Here's the new partition table, showing me the 25.0 GB 'FREE SPACE' I asked for, and my Windows partition has been shrunk to only 15.1 GB. For the next step, I have selected the 25.0 GB 'FREE SPACE', to do something with. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
How to use this free space: Create a new partition Automatically partition the free space
Show Cylinder/Head/Sector information |
| fig 26 ntfs
What do I want to do with this free space?
I want to create a new partition in it, so I have selected that line. |
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[!!] Partition disks
The maximum size you can use is 25.0 GB. Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size. New partition size: 19.0 GB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
<Go
Back>
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| fig 27 ntfs
This is going to be my new Ubuntu / (root) partition.
To set the size for the partition I want to create I typed in '19.0 GB' on this line. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
Type for the new partition:
Primary
Logical
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| fig 28 ntfs
Now I need to tell the partitioner if this partition will be a 'Primary' partition or a logical partition.
A 'Primary' partition is a partition that will be listed in one of the four spaces in the partition table in the hard disk's Master Boot Record. We only have room there for four entries. A 'Logical' partition can be made if we make one of the four entries in the Master Boot Record into a special 'extended' partition. The Ubuntu installer's partitioner, 'Partman', will do this automatically if we select 'Logical'. Inside the 'Extended' partition we can create quite a large number of 'logical' partitions. The main condition is, these are in a series or 'contiguous'. There can be a gap between them, but we mustn't seperate the logical partitions by placing any 'primary' partition between two logicals. That would make any logical partitions on the other side of the interupting primary unuseable. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
Please choose whether you want the new partition to be created at the beginning or at the end of the available space. Location for the new partition: Beginning
End
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| fig 29 ntfs
I want my new primary partition to be at the beginning of the free space.
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Please wait ...
19% Computing the new state of the partition table |
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #2 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition. Partition settings: Use as: Ext3 journaling file system Mount point: / Mount options: relatime Label: none Reserved blocks 5% Typical useage: standard Bootable flag: off Copy data from another partition Delete the partition Done setting up the partition |
| fig 31 ntfs
This
shows the proposed settings that are currently ready to be written for
my new partition, partition number 2 in my first hard disk.
Is there anything else I would like to change? No, I'm happy with that, I'll select 'Done setting up the partition'. EDIT: You can set a label for your file system by highlighting 'Label', recommended especially you are multi-booting or if you have a lot of partitions. See also Make a label for your ext3 file system - give your ext3 file systems descriptive names or Setting a Volume Label in a Reiser File System. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table. Guided partitioning Help on partitioning SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 40.1 GB ATA SAMSUNG SP0411N #1 primary 15.1 GB K ntfs /media/sda1 #2 primary 19.0 GB f ext3 / pri/log 6.0 GB FREE SPACE Undo changes to partititions Finish partitioning and write changes to disk |
| fig 32 ntfs
This
view of my partition tables shows my two partitions in my first hard
disk and the remaining 6.0 GB of free space I still have left. I will
select the free space again and make more partitions in it.
|
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[!!] Partition Disks
How to use this free space: Create a new partition Automatically partition the free space
Show Cylinder/Head/Sector information |
| fig 33 ntfs
What do I want to do with this free space?
I want to create another new partition in it, so I have selected that line again. |
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[!!] Partition disks
The maximum size you can use is 11.0 GB. Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size. New partition size: 5.0 GB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
<Go
Back>
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| fig 34 ntfs
This
time I only have 6.0 GB left, I planned to make my new FAT32 shared
data partition 5.0 GB, that leaves 1.0 GB for the swap area. I'll type
'5.0 GB' here to make the data partition first.
It doesn't really matter, I could just as easily have made the swap area first. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
Type for the new partition:
Primary
Logical
<Go
Back>
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| fig 35 ntfs
This time I'm telling the partitioner that this partition will be a 'Logical' partition.
The Ubuntu installer's partitioner, 'Partman', will silently create an 'Extended' partition and make the new logical partition inside it. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
Please choose whether you want the new partition to be created at the beginning or at the end of the available space. Location for the new partition: Beginning
End
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| fig 36 ntfs
I'm having this logical partition placed at the end of the free space, but in this example it isn't an important decision.
It would only be important if I was planning to add another Primary partition on the same disk later on, I would prefer to have all my logical partitions close to each other and leave room either before or after the chain of logical partitions for the possibility of adding more primary partitions. It's nothing to worry about and lose any sleep over. Nowadays we can correct any partitioning mistakes quite easily with a GParted -- LiveCD later on. The main thing for now is just to get the install done. |
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Please wait ...
19% Computing the new state of the partition table |
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #5 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition. Partition settings: Use as: Ext3 journaling file system Mount point: /home Mount options: defaults Label: none Reserved blocks 5% Typical useage: standard Bootable flag: off Copy data from another partition Delete the partition Done setting up the partition |
| fig 38 ntfs
As in figure 29, this shows again the proposed settings that are currently ready to be written for
my new partition, this time partition number 5 in my first hard disk.
Is there anything else I would like to change? Yes, the file system showing here is 'ext3'. I don't want another ext3 file system now, I need a FAT32 file system for this partition To change the type of file system to be made I have selected that and pressed 'Enter' for a list of filesystems to choose from. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
How to use this partition: Ext3 journaling file system Ext2 file system ReiserFS journaling file system JFS journaling file system XFS journaling file system FAT16 file system FAT32 file system swap area
physical volume for encryption physical volume for RAID physical volume for LVM do not use the partition |
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #5 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition. Partition settings: Use as: FAT32 file system Mount point: /home Mount options: defaults Bootable flag: off Done setting up the partitiion Copy data from another partition Delete the partition |
| fig 40 ntfs
Again this shows again the proposed settings that are currently ready to be written for
my new partition, partition number 5 in my first hard disk.
Is there anything more I would like to change? Yes, the the next thing I want to change is the mount point for the partition. I do not want it mounted as /home as suggested here. I selected that line because I want to change that now. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
Mount point for this partition:
/dos
/windowsDo not mount it <Go Back> |
| fig 41 ntfs
I choose to mount this FAT32 partition as /windows.
|
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #5 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition. Partition settings: Use as: FAT32 file system Mount point: /windows Mount options: defaults Bootable flag: off Copy data from another partition Delete the partition Done setting up the partition |
| fig 42 ntfs
Is there anything more I would like to change? That looks okay , I'll select 'Done setting up the partition'. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table. Guided partitioning Help on partitioning SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 40.1 GB ATA SAMSUNG SP0411N #1 primary 15.1 GB K ntfs /media/sda1 #2 primary 19.0 GB f ext3 / #5 logical 6.0 GB f fat32 /windows pri/log 954.1 MB FREE SPACE Undo changes to partititions Finish partitioning and write changes to disk |
| fig 43 ntfs
My partition tables again with only 954.1 MB of free space left.
|
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[!!] Partition Disks
How to use this free space: Create a new partition Automatically partition the free space
Show Cylinder/Head/Sector information |
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[!!] Partition disks
The maximum size you can use is 954.1 MB. Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size. New partition size: 954.1 MB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
<Go
Back>
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[!!] Partition Disks
Type for the new partition:
Primary
Logical
<Go
Back>
|
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Please wait ...
19% Computing the new state of the partition table |
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #6 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition. Partition settings: Use as: Ext3 journaling file system Mount point: /home Mount options: defaults Label: none Reserved blocks 5% Typical useage: standard Bootable flag: off Done setting up the partitiion Copy data from another partition Delete the partition |
| fig 46 ntfs
Again this shows again the proposed settings that are currently ready to be written for
my new partition, partition number 6 this time in my first hard disk.
I need to change is the filesystem type for this partition. I do not want an ext3 filesystem here, this will be my swap area. I selected that line because I need to change that now. |
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[!!] Partition Disks
How to use this partition: Ext3 journaling file system Ext2 file system ReiserFS journaling file system JFS journaling file system XFS journaling file system FAT16 file system FAT32 file system swap area
EFI boot partition physical volume for LVM physical volume for RAID do not use the partition |
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[!!] Partition Disks
You are editing partition #6 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition. Partition settings: Use as: swap area Bootable flag: off Copy data from another partition Delete the partition Done setting up the partition |
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[!!] Partition Disks
This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table. Guided partitioning Help on partitioning SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 40.1 GB ATA SAMSUNG SP0411N #1 primary 15.1 GB K ntfs /media/sda1 #2 primary 19.0 GB f ext3 / #5 logical 5.0 GB f fat32 /windows #6 logical 954.1 MB f swap swap Undo changes to partititions Finish partitioning and write changes to disk |
| fig 51 ntfs
My
partition tables are finished now, it looks like everything I wanted is
there. I have a chance to check and make sure that's all correct, then
I highlight 'Finish partitioning and write changes to disk'.
|
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[!!] Partition Disks
If you continue, the changes listed below will be written to the disks. Otherwise, you will be able to make further changes manually. WARNING: This will destroy all data on any partitions you have removed as well as on the partitions that are going to be formatted. The following partition tables of the following devices are changed: SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) The following partitions are going to be formatted: partition #2 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) as ext3 partition #5 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) as fat32 partition #6 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) as swap Write these changes to disk?
<Go
Back>
<Yes> <No> |
| fig 52 ntfs This is called the 'confirmation screen'. This is my last chance to change my mind and <Go Back> and gain access to the Ubuntu Installer Main Menu. From there I can scroll up and reselect 'partition disks' again if there is something I don't like. Perhaps I should have chosen 'Manual Partitioning instead, so I can choose a filesystem other than ext3. (My personal preference is ext3 now anyway, but I used to like reiserfs). Or, I could even scroll down to the bottom of the Ubuntu Installer Main Menu and 'Abort the installation' without committing the changes to be written to my hard disk. I use my 'Tab' key to choose 'Yes', now I'm committed, so on with the install! |
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Please wait ...
21% Creating ext3 filesystem for / in partition #2 of SSI (0,0,0) (sda)... |
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Installing the base system
33% Installing core packages ... |
| We are now about to begin the Setting up the System stage
of the installation. Please refer to the above link to the official Ubuntu documentation for more detailed advice about the questions you will be asked next. |
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[!!] Set up users and passwords
A user account will be set up for you to use instead of the root account for non-administrative activities. Please enter the real name of this user. This information will be used for instance as default origin for emails sent by this user as well as any program which displays or uses the user's real name. Your full name is a reasonable choice. Full name for the new user: Herman_H_Felder_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <Go Back> <Continue> |
| fig 55 ntfs I just type in my first name and surname here. You are allowed to use capital letters. Whatever you type here will be remembered by your new system and used for automatically configuring some things like parts of your email account. Make sure you don't type anything foolish here because your e-mail recipients might be reading this some day. |
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[!!] Set up users and passwords
Select a username for the new account. Your first name is a reasonable choice. The username should start with a lower-case letter, which can be followed by any combination of numbers and more lower-case letters. Username for your account: herman_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <Go Back> <Continue> |
| fig 56 ntfs Your first name should automatically appear here as a default username. You can change it to a nickname if you want, and with numbers too if you like. (Check your numlock). Lower case letters only though, no capitals. |
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[!!] Set up users and passwords
A good password will contain a mixture of letters, numbers and punctuation and should be changed at regular intervals. Choose a password for the new user: ****************_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <Go Back> <Continue> |
| fig 57 Stuck for a password? You need a good secure password, and also one that you can easily remember. Try this tip: Pick any two or three letters you like. It's easy to think of three letters you'll be able to remember easily. For example I chose the letters 'vip'. Those three letters should be easy for anyone to remember. You should choose your own of course. You may begin with the first chosen letter and use the other keys around it in either a clockwise or anticlockwise circle. Then press the first letter again. This will give you a eight character password already! It's that easy, and you only have to be able to remember the one center key that you began on and finished with. If you don't want to make yours a circle, use a parallelagram if you like, or any shape Then go to your next letter and make a circle around that one. That gives you a sixteen character password. That should be very secure already. If you want even more security, (AES256 encryption standard requires a minimum of 20 characters!), just do the same thing again with a third letter. Now you have a 24 character password, and you only really need to be able to remember your two or three 'key' center letters in order to remember all 16 or 24 characters in your password. You can also refer to the offical Ubuntu Wiki link about passwords, link here.  fig 58 ntfs A good secure password will be of vital importance later on if you decide to use SSH networking. Avoid using words or names or anything like that that makes any sense. There are certain people on the internet that have special software for guessing these types of passwords. ('Dictionary attacks'). A good place to learn more about networking and security in Ubuntu is here. |
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[!!] Set up users and passwords
Please enter the same user password again to verify you have typed it correctly. Re-enter password to verify: ****************_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <Go Back> <Continue> |
| fig 59 ntfs It is a good idea to write your new username and password down and keep them on a piece of paper for a while until you are sure you will remember them. You will need them to log in to your new system. |
| We are now about to begin the Installing the Base System and Installing Additional Software stages of the installation. Please refer to the above links to the official Ubuntu documentation for more detailed advice about what happens next. |
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Configuring apt
40% Scanning the mirror ... |
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[!!] Configure the package manager
If you need to use a HTTP proxy to access the outside world, enter the proxy information here. Otherwise, leave this blank. The proxy information should be given in the standard form of "http://[[user][:pass]@]Host[:port]/". HTTP proxy information (blank for none): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <Go Back> <Continue> |
| fig 61 ntfs I always just skip this one by leaving it blank and selecting <Continue> Those who need it will probably know what to do here. |
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Configuring apt
40% Scanning the mirror ... |
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Select and install software
19% Copying gimp ... |
| fig 62 ntfs It took me almost 13 minutes in this computer to get to the beginning of this progress bar. This is the longest part of the whole installation, time wise. This process took 45 minutes in the test machine I'm using right now. You will have time to go do some martial arts exercises or have a cup of coffee or whatever it is you like to do. |
| We are now about to begin the Making Your System Bootable part
of the installation. Please refer to the above link to the official Ubuntu documentation for more detailed advice about the options you can expect to be offered here. |
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Installing Grub bootloader
66% Installing the 'grub' package... |
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[!] Install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk
The following other operating systems have been detected on this computer: Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition. If all of your operating systems are listed above, then it should be safe to install the boot loader to the master boot record of your first hard drive. When your computer boots, you will be able to choose to load one of these operating systems or your new system. Install the GRUB boot loader to the master boot record?
<Go
Back>
<Yes> <No> |
| fig 64 ntfs The GRand Unified Bootloader will overwrite your old boot sector in the first sector of your hard disk. This is just to make it point to GRUB in Ubuntu rather than NTLoader in Windows. I am adding some information in the 'MBR Page' of this web site for a more detailed explanation of what actually happens here. If you choose <No> (not to install to MBR), you will be given an opportunity to specify where else you might like GRUB installed..................................GO If you choose <Go Back> you will be placed in the 'Ubuntu Installer Main Menu', where you can scroll down just one line and install Lilo bootloader instead. There are choices available as to where you would like to install Lilo as well. The first sector of your Ubuntu partition is a popular choice for Lilo...............................GO If you click a link to another page don't forget to use your 'Back' button to return here again. The best choice in my opinion is to choose <Yes> and install GRUB to your MBR. GRUB is the world's most advanced boot loader and even has its own command line interface, is fully customizable and functions as a boot manager as well. There is a slight possibility of an error occurring in some computers which can cause GRUB not to function perfectly when it is first installed. It is rare but it can happen. For example maybe it occasionally needs it's 'menu.lst' file edited to help it find Windows. This only happens in a small minority of installs and is easy to correct. See the GRUB Page. for all about GRUB. Most of the time it is automatic and installs itself just fine! If you are worried about it, and have vital information stored in your other operating system that you might need in an emergency, and can't afford to take any risks, try making a GAG Boot Manager floppy or CD. Of course, you are not expected to make one in the middle of an install, but you can make one beforehand, or afterwards if you need one. GAG will boot Windows, but not Ubuntu. GAG will boot Ubuntu if either Lilo or GRUB is installed to the first sector of the Ubuntu partition or a /boot partition. Read my GAG page first. You'll find illustrated instructions on that page about what to choose in this step of the installation to set Ubuntu up for booting with GAG Boot Manager. This should be planned well beforehand though, it is not something you can decide in the middle of an install. You can also do it afterwards. I always choose <Yes> and install GRUB's IPL to MBR.
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Installing Grub bootloader
6% Running grub-install (hd0) |
| Here is the link to what the official
Ubuntu documentation has to say about Finishing the Installation and Miscellaneous. Please refer to the above links for the correct details about what happens. |
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Finishing the installation
25% Storing language ... |
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[!!] Finish the installation
Installation
is complete, so it is time to boot into your new system. Make sure to
remove the installation media (CD-ROM, floppies), so that you boot into
the new system rather than restarting the installation.Installation complete |
| fig 67 ntfs At this point, my CD drawer pops open automatically and I remove my CD from it and press 'Enter'. Some computers might not have a CD drawer with a mechanism to open the CD-ROM drawer automatically. If this is the case, you should remove your CD manually. When I have installed GRUB to MBR, as most of us do, all I need to do is press 'enter', for the computer to re-boot and continue with the rest of the install. |
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Finishing the installation
90% |
sending sigkill to all processes ... Please standby while rebooting the system |
Use the | and | keys to select which entry is highlighted.
Press enter to boot the selected OS, or 'e' to edit the commands before booting, or 'c' for a command-line. The highlighted entry will be booted in 10 seconds. |
| fig 70 ntfs For some people, this will be the first time they will have ever seen the GRUB boot loader's Main Menu! To use the GRUB boot loader, you just click 'Enter' and it will boot into Ubuntu. If you don't click 'Enter', it will still boot Ubuntu after ten seconds. For more detailed information about how to use GRUB Boot Loader in Ubuntu, visit my GRUB Page. Don't do this now (we are still completing the new install), but in the future, if you wanted to boot Windows, or any other operating system on the list, you just use your arrow keys to highlight it with the white rectangle, and hit 'Enter'. If you want it to wait until you make up your mind, press your 'pause' key. The GRUB boot loader will appear from now on every time you start or re-boot your computer. It is possible to change the timer in it, and also to change the default boot preference, and a few other things. See this site's GRUB Page for more information on GRUB. |
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| fig 71 ntfs Ubuntu is booting up, this is called the 'usplash' screen, which shows the progress so we can see that something is happening while Ubuntu is booting. |
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| fig 72 ntfs Here's my new login screen for Ubuntu!
We just need to enter our username and password here. But what if you don't get the login screen as most people do, but instead got a
message about the X-server and end up with a command prompt on a black
background? You might need to use the sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg command, here's what to expect, Click Here.
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| fig 73 ntfs Congratulations! You have successfully installed Ubuntu Hardy Heron! When you have made it this far, your new desktop should be similar to the one shown in the illustration above. No icons appeared on the Desktop automatically in the officially released version of Hardy Heron. I will edit my /etc/fstab or mount the other file systems myself, manually. File Systems and Mounting Page. This took me an hour in this machine from starting the installation until now, being logged in to a fully functional Desktop. I am sure that many machines can do it in half the time, but many might take longer. There are still a few things to do to make Ubuntu work the way I want it to. It's a good idea to open up our repositories and get an update, install the software we want, and start configuring, personalizing and customizing our Ubuntu installation. Here's a link to a page with some information to get you started, Post-install Page. You may find that the names for things are unfamiliar to you at first. Hardy Heron has an excellent help menu, don't overlook the help menu, it's right in front of you in the top panel, it has a blue icon with a white question mark in it. There is a world of support at Ubuntu Web Forums and the Official Ubuntu Wiki and many other locations. Enjoy exploring your new Ubuntu operating system! Regards, Herman : )  |